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Definitions for C:

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Gastropoda \Gas*trop"o*da\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, stomach + -poda.] (Zool.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.] [1913 Webster] Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora. [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Language \Lan"guage\, n. [OE. langage, F. langage, fr. L. lingua the tongue, hence speech, language; akin to E. tongue. See Tongue, cf. Lingual.] [1913 Webster] 1. Any means of conveying or communicating ideas; specifically, human speech; the expression of ideas by the voice; sounds, expressive of thought, articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth. [1913 Webster] Note: Language consists in the oral utterance of sounds which usage has made the representatives of ideas. When two or more persons customarily annex the same sounds to the same ideas, the expression of these sounds by one person communicates his ideas to another. This is the primary sense of language, the use of which is to communicate the thoughts of one person to another through the organs of hearing. Articulate sounds are represented to the eye by letters, marks, or characters, which form words. [1913 Webster] 2. The expression of ideas by writing, or any other instrumentality. [1913 Webster] 3. The forms of speech, or the methods of expressing ideas, peculiar to a particular nation. [1913 Webster] 4. The characteristic mode of arranging words, peculiar to an individual speaker or writer; manner of expression; style. [1913 Webster] Others for language all their care express. --Pope. [1913 Webster] 5. The inarticulate sounds by which animals inferior to man express their feelings or their wants. [1913 Webster] 6. The suggestion, by objects, actions, or conditions, of ideas associated therewith; as, the language of flowers. [1913 Webster] There was . . . language in their very gesture. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 7. The vocabulary and phraseology belonging to an art or department of knowledge; as, medical language; the language of chemistry or theology. [1913 Webster] 8. A race, as distinguished by its speech. [R.] [1913 Webster] All the people, the nations, and the languages, fell down and worshiped the golden image. --Dan. iii. 7. [1913 Webster] 9. Any system of symbols created for the purpose of communicating ideas, emotions, commands, etc., between sentient agents. [PJC] 10. Specifically: (computers) Any set of symbols and the rules for combining them which are used to specify to a computer the actions that it is to take; also referred to as a computer lanugage or programming language; as, JAVA is a new and flexible high-level language which has achieved popularity very rapidly. [PJC] Note: Computer languages are classed a low-level if each instruction specifies only one operation of the computer, or high-level if each instruction may specify a complex combination of operations. Machine language and assembly language are low-level computer languages. FORTRAN, COBOL and C are high-level computer languages. Other computer languages, such as JAVA, allow even more complex combinations of low-level operations to be performed with a single command. Many programs, such as databases, are supplied with special languages adapted to manipulate the objects of concern for that specific program. These are also high-level languages. [PJC] Language master, a teacher of languages. [Obs.] Syn: Speech; tongue; idiom; dialect; phraseology; diction; discourse; conversation; talk. Usage: Language, Speech, Tongue, Idiom, Dialect. Language is generic, denoting, in its most extended use, any mode of conveying ideas; speech is the language of articulate sounds; tongue is the Anglo-Saxon term for language, esp. for spoken language; as, the English tongue. Idiom denotes the forms of construction peculiar to a particular language; dialects are varieties of expression which spring up in different parts of a country among people speaking substantially the same language. [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Legate \Leg"ate\ (l[e^]g"[asl]t), n. [OE. legat, L. legatus, fr. legare to send with a commission or charge, to depute, fr. lex, legis, law: cf. F. l['e]gat, It. legato. See Legal.] 1. An ambassador or envoy. [1913 Webster] 2. An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with the authority of the Holy See. [1913 Webster] Note: Legates are of three kinds: (a) Legates a latere, now always cardinals. They are called ordinary or extraordinary legates, the former governing provinces, and the latter class being sent to foreign countries on extraordinary occasions. (b) Legati missi, who correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments. (c) Legati nati, or legates by virtue of their office, as the archbishops of Salzburg and Prague. [1913 Webster] 3. (Rom. Hist.) (a) An official assistant given to a general or to the governor of a province. (b) Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province. [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Libration \Li*bra"tion\ (l[-i]*br[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L. libratio: cf. F. libration.] 1. The act or state of librating. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster] 2. (Astron.) A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest. [1913 Webster] Libration of the moon, any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place; as: {(a)} Libration in longitude, that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. (b) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. (c) Diurnal or parallactic libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere. [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Monkey \Mon"key\, n.; pl. Monkeys. [Cf. OIt. monicchio, It. monnino, dim. of monna an ape, also dame, mistress, contr. fr. madonna. See Madonna.] 1. (Zool.) (a) In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana, including apes, baboons, and lemurs. (b) Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs. (c) Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (esp. such as have a long tail and prehensile feet) exclusive of apes and baboons. [1913 Webster] Note: The monkeys are often divided into three groups: (a) Catarrhines, or Simidae. These have an oblong head, with the oblique flat nostrils near together. Some have no tail, as the apes. All these are natives of the Old World. (b) Platyrhines, or Cebidae. These have a round head, with a broad nasal septum, so that the nostrils are wide apart and directed downward. The tail is often prehensile, and the thumb is short and not opposable. These are natives of the New World. (c) Strepsorhines, or Lemuroidea. These have a pointed head with curved nostrils. They are natives of Southern Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. [1913 Webster] 2. A term of disapproval, ridicule, or contempt, as for a mischievous child. [1913 Webster] This is the monkey's own giving out; she is persuaded I will marry her. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 3. The weight or hammer of a pile driver, that is, a very heavy mass of iron, which, being raised on high, falls on the head of the pile, and drives it into the earth; the falling weight of a drop hammer used in forging. [1913 Webster] 4. A small trading vessel of the sixteenth century. [1913 Webster] Monkey boat. (Naut.) (a) A small boat used in docks. (b) A half-decked boat used on the River Thames. Monkey block (Naut.), a small single block strapped with a swivel. --R. H. Dana, Jr. Monkey flower (Bot.), a plant of the genus Mimulus; -- so called from the appearance of its gaping corolla. --Gray. Monkey gaff (Naut.), a light gaff attached to the topmast for the better display of signals at sea. Monkey jacket, a short closely fitting jacket, worn by sailors. Monkey rail (Naut.), a second and lighter rail raised about six inches above the quarter rail of a ship. Monkey shine, monkey trick. [Slang, U.S.] Monkey trick, a mischievous prank. --Saintsbury. Monkey wheel. See Gin block, under 5th Gin. [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Motion \Mo"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. motio, fr. movere, motum, to move. See Move.] 1. The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to rest. [1913 Webster] Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace attends thee, and each word, each motion, forms. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 2. Power of, or capacity for, motion. [1913 Webster] Devoid of sense and motion. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 3. Direction of movement; course; tendency; as, the motion of the planets is from west to east. [1913 Webster] In our proper motion we ascend. --Milton. [1913 Webster] 4. Change in the relative position of the parts of anything; action of a machine with respect to the relative movement of its parts. [1913 Webster] This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion. --Dr. H. More. [1913 Webster] 5. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse to any action; internal activity. [1913 Webster] Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God. --South. [1913 Webster] 6. A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress; esp., a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly; as, a motion to adjourn. [1913 Webster] Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion. --Shak. [1913 Webster] 7. (Law) An application made to a court or judge orally in open court. Its object is to obtain an order or rule directing some act to be done in favor of the applicant. --Mozley & W. [1913 Webster] 8. (Mus.) Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part or in groups of parts. [1913 Webster] The independent motions of different parts sounding together constitute counterpoint. --Grove. [1913 Webster] Note: Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale. Contrary motion is that when parts move in opposite directions. Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique motion is that when one part is stationary while another moves. Similar or direct motion is that when parts move in the same direction. [1913 Webster] 9. A puppet show or puppet. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] What motion's this? the model of Nineveh? --Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster] Note: Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound. Simple motions are: (a) straight translation, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. (b) Simple rotation, which may be either continuous or reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called oscillating. (c) Helical, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. Compound motion consists of combinations of any of the simple motions. [1913 Webster] Center of motion, Harmonic motion, etc. See under Center, Harmonic, etc. Motion block (Steam Engine), a crosshead. Perpetual motion (Mech.), an incessant motion conceived to be attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces independently of any action from without. According to the law of conservation of energy, such perpetual motion is impossible, and no device has yet been built that is capable of perpetual motion. [1913 Webster +PJC] Syn: See Movement. [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
Symbol \Sym"bol\ (s[i^]m"b[o^]l), n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. sy`mbolon a sign by which one knows or infers a thing, from symba`llein to throw or put together, to compare; sy`n with + ba`llein to throw: cf. F. symbole. Cf. Emblem, Parable.] 1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience. [1913 Webster] A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e. g., an actual part chosen to represent the whole, or a lower form or species used as the representative of a higher in the same kind. --Coleridge. [1913 Webster] 2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an operation, a relation, or an abbreviation. [1913 Webster] Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical expression which defines its position relatively to the assumed axes. [1913 Webster] 3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. [1913 Webster] 4. [Gr. ? contributions.] That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster] 5. Share; allotment. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to receive their symbol. --Jer. Taylor. [1913 Webster] 6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, C for carbon, Na for sodium (Natrium), Fe for iron (Ferrum), Sn for tin (Stannum), Sb for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and symbols under Element. [1913 Webster] Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of Benzene nucleus, under Benzene. [1913 Webster] Syn: Emblem; figure; type. See Emblem. [1913 Webster]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
higher programming language \higher programming language\ n. (Computers) A computer programming language with an instruction set allowing one instruction to code for several assembly language instructions. Note: The aggregation of several assembly-language instructions into one instruction allows much greater efficiency in writing computer programs. Most programs are now written in some higher programming language, such as BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, C, {C++}, PROLOG, or JAVA. [PJC]

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 :
C \C\ (s[=e]) 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek [Gamma], [gamma], and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the Ph[oe]nicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. [1913 Webster] Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 221-228. [1913 Webster] 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or "natural" scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same. (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written ?. (c) The "C clef," a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle C. [1913 Webster] 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. [1913 Webster] C spring, a spring in the form of the letter C. [1913 Webster]

WordNet (r) 2.0 :
c adj : being ten more than ninety [syn: hundred, a hundred, {one hundred}, 100] n 1: a degree on the Centigrade scale of temperature [syn: {degree Centigrade}, degree Celsius] 2: the speed at which light travels in a vacuum; the constancy and universality of the speed of light is recognized by defining it to be exactly 299,792,458 meters per second [syn: speed of light, light speed] 3: one of the four nucleotides used in building DNA; all four nucleotides have a common phosphate group and a sugar (ribose) [syn: deoxycytidine monophosphate] 4: a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with guanine [syn: cytosine] 5: an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds [syn: carbon, {atomic number 6}] 6: ten 10s [syn: hundred, 100, century, one C, centred] 7: a unit of electrical charge equal to the amount of charge transferred by a current of 1 ampere in 1 second [syn: coulomb, {ampere-second}] 8: a general-purpose programing language closely associated with the UNIX operating system 9: the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet 10: street names for cocaine [syn: coke, blow, nose candy, snow]

Jargon File (4.3.1, 29 Jun 2001) :
C++ /C'-pluhs-pluhs/ n. Designed by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T Bell Labs as a successor to C. Now one of the languages of choice, although many hackers still grumble that it is the successor to either Algol 68 or Ada (depending on generation), and a prime example of {second-system effect}. Almost anything that can be done in any language can be done in C++, but it requires a language lawyer to know what is and what is not legal-- the design is _almost_ too large to hold in even hackers' heads. Much of the cruft results from C++'s attempt to be backward compatible with C. Stroustrup himself has said in his retrospective book "The Design and Evolution of C++" (p. 207), "Within C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get out." [Many hackers would now add "Yes, and it's called Java" --ESR]

Jargon File (4.3.1, 29 Jun 2001) :
C n. 1. The third letter of the English alphabet. 2. ASCII 1000011. 3. The name of a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}; so called because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of _its_ parent, BCPL. (BCPL was in turn descended from an earlier Algol-derived language, CPL.) Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named `D' or `P'. C became immensely popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and microcomputer applications programming. See also languages of choice, indent style. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain varying according to the speaker, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of assembly language with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language".

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03) :
C# /see sharp/ An {object-oriented} language devised and promoted by Microsoft, intended to replace Java, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03) :
C A programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie at AT&T Bell Labs ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement Unix. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "B". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by BCPL. Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, cpp. Partly due to its distribution with Unix, C became immensely popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and microcomputer applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of assembly language with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as K&R C after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been standardised (and simultaneously modified) as ANSI C. See also ACCU, ae, c68, c386, {C-Interp}, cxref, dbx, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, gc, GCT, GNU C, GNU superoptimiser, Harvest C, malloc, mpl, Pthreads, ups. [Jargon File] (1996-06-01)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03) :
(c) An ASCII rendition of the encircled "c" copyright symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In LaTeX the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [Jargon File] (1995-02-03)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03) :
C* An {object-oriented}, {data-parallel} superset of ANSI C with synchronous semantics, for the Connection Machine, designed by Thinking Machines, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "Parallel C" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [Jargon File] (2000-11-14)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03) :
C+- (C More or Less) A subject-oriented language (SOL). Each C+- class instance, known as a subject, holds hidden members, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following C operators are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is strongly typed, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The Boolean variables TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of Ada. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are assignment-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports information hiding and, among friend classes only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the Eiffel lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are intransitive, volatile and non-Abelian. Operator precedence rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "Do what I mean" pragma. ANSIfication will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [Jargon File] (1999-06-15)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03) :
C++ One of the most used {object-oriented} languages, a superset of C developed primarily by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1986. In C++ a class is a user-defined type, syntactically a struct with member functions. Constructors and destructors are member functions called to create or destroy instances. A friend is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows implicit type conversion, function inlining, overloading of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has streams for I/O and references. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced multiple inheritance, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also cfront, LEDA, {uC++}. Usenet newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06)

The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (27 SEP 03) :
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with delegation and with control over which methods come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple syntax with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. Unir Tech has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-IETF ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under SunOS and compiles to Vcode. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe . ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [Jargon File] (2002-05-18)

U.S. Gazetteer Places (2000) :
C-Road, CA -- U.S. Census Designated Place in California Population (2000): 152 Housing Units (2000): 79 Land area (2000): 2.606504 sq. miles (6.750813 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.606504 sq. miles (6.750813 sq. km) FIPS code: 17267 Located within: California (CA), FIPS 06 Location: 39.759419 N, 120.583560 W ZIP Codes (1990): Note: some ZIP codes may be omitted esp. for suburbs. Headwords: C-Road, CA C-Road C, CA C

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